American Enterprise Institute

The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) is an extremely influential, pro-business, conservative think tank founded in 1943 by Lewis H. Brown. It promotes the advancement of free enterprise capitalism, and succeeds in placing its people in influential governmental positions. It is the center base for many neo-conservatives.

History
Originally set up as a spokesperson for big business and the promotion of free enterprisecite, the AEI came to major national prominence in the 1970s under the leadership of William Baroody, Sr., during which time it grew from a group of twelve resident "thinkers" to a well-funded organization with 145 resident scholars, 80 adjunct scholars, and a large supporting staff. This period of growth was largely funded by the Howard Pew Freedom Trust.

Irving Kristol left the Congress for Cultural Freedom in the late 1960s to work at the AEI after the CIA's funding of CCF was widely revealed in the media following initial reports in Ramparts magazine.

Ronald Reagan said of the AEI in 1988:
 * "The American Enterprise Institute stands at the center of a revolution in ideas of which I, too, have been a part. AEI's remarkably distinguished body of work is testimony to the triumph of the think tank. For today the most important American scholarship comes out of our think tanks – and none has been more influential than the American Enterprise Institute."

In 1986, the Olin and Smith Richardson foundations withdrew their support from AEI because of substantive disagreement with certain of its policies, causing William Baroody, Jr.  to resign in the ensuing financial crisis. Following criticism by conservatives that the AEI was too centrist, it moved its programme further to the right and became more aggressive in pursuing its public policy goals. 

Iraq
More recently, it has emerged as one of the leading architects of the Bush administration's foreign policy. AEI rents office space to the Project for the New American Century, one of the leading voices that pushed the Bush administration's plan for "regime change" through war in Iraq. AEI reps have also aggressively denied that the war has anything to do with oil.

Tobacco issues
In 1980, the American Enterprise Institute for the sum of $25,000 produced a study in support of the tobacco industry titled, Cost-Benefit Analysis of Regulation: Consumer Products. The study was designed to counteract "social cost" arguments against smoking by broadening the social cost issue to include other consumer products such as alcohol and saccharin. The social cost arguments against smoking hold that smoking burdens society with additional costs from on-the-job absenteeism, medical costs, cleaning costs and fires. The report was part of the global tobacco industry's 1980s Social Costs/Social Values Project, carried out to refute emerging social cost arguments against smoking.

Water Policy
At a conference on water policy hosted by AEI in 2006, William Morris, a Professor at Case Western Law School, argued that "markets are essential in providing people with water," because they "provide more information at a lower cost." Yet Morris also acknowledged the downfall of market water management, in the form of the "inevitable movement of water from poor rural areas to rich urban areas."

NGO Watch
In June 2003, AEI and another right-wing group, the Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies, launched a new website NGOWatch.org/NGOwatch.org to expose the funding, operations and agendas of international NGOs, and particularly their alleged efforts to constrain U.S. freedom of action in international affairs and influence the behavior of corporations abroad.  AEI states that "The extraordinary growth of advocacy NGOs in liberal democracies has the potential to undermine the sovereignty of constitutional democracies, as well as the effectiveness of credible NGOs." Ralph Nader responds with "What they are condemning, with vague, ironic regulatory nostrums proposed against dissenting citizen groups, is democracy itself." 

Casting Doubt on Global Warming
In February 2007, The Guardian (UK) reported that AEI was offering scientists and economists $10,000 each, "to undermine a major climate change report" from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). AEI asked for "articles that emphasise the shortcomings" of the IPCC report, which "is widely regarded as the most comprehensive review yet of climate change science." AEI visiting scholar Kenneth Green made the $10,000 offer "to scientists in Britain, the US and elsewhere," in a letter describing the IPCC as "resistant to reasonable criticism and dissent." 

The Guardian reported further that AEI "has received more than $1.6m from ExxonMobil, and more than 20 of its staff have worked as consultants to the Bush administration. Lee Raymond, a former head of ExxonMobil, is the vice-chairman of AEI's board of trustees," added The Guardian. 

Trustees, Officers and Advisors
"AEI is governed by a twenty-four member Board of Trustees, composed of leading business and financial executives, and its research agenda and appointments are reviewed by a Council of Academic Advisers, a group of distinguished outside scholars."

Board of Trustees
"AEI is governed by a Board of Trustees, composed of leading business and financial executives." As of 2009-12-31 they were:
 * Kevin B. Rollins, Chairman; Senior Adviser, TPG Capital
 * Tully M. Friedman, Treasurer; Chairman and CEO, Friedman Fleischer & Lowe, LLC
 * Gordon M. Binder; Managing Director, Coastview Capital, LLC
 * Arthur C. Brooks; President, American Enterprise Institute
 * The Honorable Richard B. Cheney
 * Harlan Crow; Chairman and CEO, Crow Holdings
 * Daniel A. D'Aniello; Cofounder and Managing Director, The Carlyle Group
 * John V. Faraci; Chairman and CEO, International Paper
 * Christopher B. Galvin; Chairman, Harrison Street Capital, LLC
 * Raymond V. Gilmartin; Chairman and CEO, Retired, Merck & Co., Inc.
 * Harvey Golub; Chairman and CEO, Retired, American Express Company
 * Robert F. Greenhill; Chairman, Greenhill & Co. Inc.
 * Roger Hertog
 * Bruce Kovner; Chairman, Caxton Associates, LP
 * Marc S. Lipschultz; Partner, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co.
 * John A. Luke Jr.; Chairman and CEO, MeadWestvaco Corporation
 * Robert A. Pritzker; President and CEO, Colson Associates, Inc. (also President and Director of the Pritzker Foundation )
 * J. Peter Ricketts; President and Director, Platte Institute for Economic Research, Inc.
 * Edward B. Rust Jr.; Chairman and CEO, State Farm Insurance Companies
 * D. Gideon Searle; Managing Partner, The Serafin Group, LLC
 * Mel Sembler; Founder and Chairman, The Sembler Company
 * Wilson H. Taylor; Chairman Emeritus, CIGNA Corporation
 * William H. Walton; Managing Member, Rockpoint Group, LLC
 * William L. Walton; Chairman, Allied Capital Corporation
 * James Q. Wilson; Pepperdine University

Emeritus Trustees
As of 2009-12-31 the emeritus trustees were:
 * Willard C. Butcher
 * Richard B. Madden
 * Robert H. Malott
 * Paul W. McCracken
 * Paul F. Oreffice
 * Henry Wendt

Officers
Current: As of 2009-12-31, AEI's officers were:
 * Arthur C. Brooks, President
 * David Gerson, Executive Vice President
 * Jason Bertsch, Vice President, Marketing
 * Henry Olsen, Vice President, Director of the National Research Initiative
 * Danielle Pletka, Vice President, Foreign and Defense Policy Studies

Officers in 2007
In 2007, the officers were:
 * Christopher DeMuth - President. Researches government regulation. He has been president of AEI since 1986.
 * David Gerson - Executive Vice President
 * Jason Bertsch - Vice President, Marketing
 * Henry Olsen III - Vice President, National Research Initiative
 * Danielle Pletka - Vice President, Foreign and Defense Policy Studies. Research areas include the Middle East, South Asia, terrorism, and weapons proliferation.

Advisors
"AEI's Council of Academic Advisers...including distinguished academics from a variety of policy-related fields, advises AEI's president on the Institute's research agenda, publications, and appointments, and each year selects the recipient of the Irving Kristol Award."

Current: As of 2009-12-31, they were:
 * James Q. Wilson, Chairman, Pepperdine University
 * Alan J. Auerbach, Robert D. Burch Professor of Economics and Law, University of California, Berkeley
 * Eliot Cohen, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University
 * Martin Feldstein, George F. Baker Professor of Economics, Harvard University
 * Robert P. George, McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence Director, James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions, Princeton University
 * Gertrude Himmelfarb, Distinguished Professor of History Emeritus, City University of New York
 * R. Glenn Hubbard, Dean and Russell L. Carson Professor of Finance and Economics, Columbia Business School
 * John L. Palmer, University Professor and Dean Emeritus, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University
 * Sam Peltzman, Ralph and Dorothy Keller Distinguished Service Professor of Economics, Booth School of Business University of Chicago
 * George L. Priest, John M. Olin Professor of Law and Economics, Yale Law School
 * Jeremy A. Rabkin, Professor of Law, George Mason University School of Law
 * Richard J. Zeckhauser, Frank Plumpton Ramsey Professor of Political Economy, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

Current list of Adjunct Scholars
Current: As of 2009-12-31, they were:


 * Jonathan Aronson
 * Bradford Berenson
 * Peter Berger
 * Lillian R. BeVier
 * Richard Burkhauser
 * Dennis W. Carlton
 * John L. Chapman
 * Alston Chase
 * Barry R. Chiswick
 * Dennis J. Coyle
 * Michael R. Darby
 * Edwin J. Delattre
 * David Dranove
 * Richard Epstein
 * Mark Falcoff
 * Flavio Felice
 * H.E. Frech
 * R. Richard Geddes
 * Thomas P. Gies
 * Henry G. Grabowski
 * Scott Harrington
 * Clark C. Havighurst
 * David Hyman
 * Max Kampelman
 * Anthony King
 * Edmund W. Kitch
 * Richard Klingler
 * Kenneth Lehn
 * Jonathan R. Macey
 * Jerry L. Martin
 * Michael A. Morrisey
 * Casey B. Mulligan
 * Vincent Phillip Munoz
 * Timothy J. Muris
 * June O'Neill
 * Stephen T. Parente
 * Mark V. Pauly
 * Roberta Romano
 * Christine Rosen
 * Paul H. Rubin
 * Allen Schick
 * Neena Shenai
 * Andrew Smarick
 * Douglas Smith
 * Geoffrey Smith
 * Daniel A. Sumner
 * Abigail Thernstrom
 * Richard Vedder
 * W. Kip Viscusi
 * David E. Weinstein
 * Clinton H. Whitehurst

( A few of these (above) names are also present in the list titled "Alumni (who were Scholars and Fellows in June 2007)

Distinction between (non-adjunct) Scholars and Fellows
"A Scholar is someone with an advance degree in what they study, a Fellow is someone who has held some high position in government involving the areas they study," says AEI Resident Scholar Kenneth P. Green.

Current list of (non-adjunct) Scholars and Fellows
(Current as of 2009-12-31)


 * Gerard Alexander, Visiting Scholar
 * Ali Alfoneh, Visiting Research Fellow
 * Joseph Antos, Wilson H. Taylor Scholar
 * Leon Aron, Resident Scholar
 * Paul S. Atkins, Visiting Scholar
 * Michael Auslin, Resident Scholar
 * Claude Barfield, Resident Scholar
 * Michael Barone, Resident Fellow
 * Roger Bate, Legatum Fellow in Global Prosperity
 * Walter Berns, Resident Scholar
 * Andrew G. Biggs, Resident Scholar
 * Edward Blum, Visiting Fellow
 * Dan Blumenthal, Resident Fellow
 * John R. Bolton, Senior Fellow
 * Karlyn Bowman, Senior Fellow
 * Alex Brill, Research Fellow
 * Arthur C. Brooks, President
 * John E. Calfee, Resident Scholar
 * Charles W. Calomiris, Visiting Scholar
 * Lynne V. Cheney, Senior Fellow
 * Steven J. Davis, Visiting Scholar
 * Mauro De Lorenzo, Visiting Scholar
 * Christopher DeMuth, D. C. Searle Senior Fellow
 * Thomas Donnelly, Resident Fellow
 * Nicholas Eberstadt, Henry Wendt Scholar
 * Jon Entine, Visiting Fellow
 * John C. Fortier, Research Fellow
 * David Frum, Resident Fellow
 * Newt Gingrich, Senior Fellow
 * Scott Gottlieb, Resident Fellow
 * Kenneth P. Green, Resident Scholar
 * Michael S. Greve, John G. Searle Scholar
 * Kevin A. Hassett, Senior Fellow and Director of Economic Policy Studies
 * Steven F. Hayward, F. K. Weyerhaeuser Fellow
 * Robert B. Helms, Resident Scholar
 * Frederick M. Hess, Resident Scholar
 * Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Visiting Fellow
 * R. Glenn Hubbard, Visiting Scholar
 * Frederick W. Kagan, Resident Scholar
 * Leon R. Kass, Hertog Fellow
 * Irving Kristol (1920-2009), Senior Fellow Emeritus
 * Desmond Lachman, Resident Fellow
 * Lee Lane, Resident Fellow and Codirector of the AEI Geoengineering Project
 * Adam Lerrick, Visiting Scholar
 * Philip I. Levy, Resident Scholar
 * Lawrence B. Lindsey, Visiting Scholar
 * John H. Makin, Visiting Scholar
 * Aparna Mathur, Research Fellow
 * Lawrence M. Mead, Visiting Scholar
 * Allan H. Meltzer, Visiting Scholar
 * Thomas P. Miller, Resident Fellow
 * Charles Murray, W. H. Brady Scholar
 * Roger F. Noriega, Visiting Fellow
 * Michael Novak, George Frederick Jewett Scholar
 * Henry Olsen, Vice President and Director, National Research Initiative
 * Norman J. Ornstein, Resident Scholar
 * Richard Perle, Resident Fellow
 * Tomas J. Philipson, Visiting Scholar
 * Danielle Pletka, Vice President, Foreign and Defense Policy Studies]]
 * Alex J. Pollock, Resident Fellow
 * Vincent R. Reinhart, Resident Scholar
 * Michael Rubin, Resident Scholar
 * Sally Satel, Resident Scholar
 * Gary J. Schmitt, Resident Scholar
 * Mark Schneider, Visiting Scholar
 * David Schoenbrod, Visiting Scholar
 * Nick Schulz, Editor-in-Chief, American.com; DeWitt Wallace Fellow
 * Roger Scruton, Resident Scholar
 * Kent Smetters, Visiting Scholar
 * Christina Hoff Sommers, Resident Scholar
 * Tim Sullivan, Research Fellow and Program Manager, AEI Center for Defense Studies
 * Phillip Swagel, Visiting Scholar
 * Samuel Thernstrom, Resident Fellow, Director of the AEI Press, and Codirector of the AEI Geoengineering Project
 * Bill Thomas, Visiting Fellow
 * Alan D. Viard, Resident Scholar
 * Peter J. Wallison, Arthur F. Burns Fellow in Financial Policy Studies
 * David Weisbach, Visiting Scholar
 * Paul Wolfowitz, Visiting Scholar
 * John Yoo, Visiting Scholar

Personnel (old list, for archives)
(this list was present on SourceWatch, appears to contain a mixture of individuals from some of the other categories, and includes individuals who are no longer with AEI.)


 * Douglas J. Besharov, Resident Scholar and a Professor in the School of Public Affairs at the University of Maryland.
 * Robert H. Bork, Senior Fellow and rejected Reagan Supreme Court nominee.
 * Karlyn Bowman, Resident Fellow.
 * Montgomery Brown, publication staff member.
 * Virginia Bryant, publication staff member.
 * Kathryn Burrows, publication staff member.
 * Lynne Cheney, the wife of U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney, is an AEI senior fellow.
 * Richard Cohen penned a vociferous response to Dennis Kucinich's assertion that the war is about oil.
 * Jon Entine is an adjunct fellow at AEI
 * Diana Furchtgott-Roth, Resident Fellow and co-author of Women's Figures.
 * Michael Fumento works at AEI.
 * Reuel Marc Gerecht Resident Fellow
 * Newt Gingrich, Senior Fellow and former Speaker of the House [1995-1999].
 * Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, Senior Fellow
 * Kenneth Krattenmaker, publication staff member.
 * Michael Ledeen, former consultant to the NSC and to the U.S. State and Defense Departments his latest book is entitled, "The War against the Terror Masters."
 * Juyne Linger, editor.
 * John R. Lott, Jr. is a relentless opponent of gun control and the author of a book titled "More Guns, Less Crime."
 * Michael Novak, neoconservative Catholic who strongly favors capitalism and criticizes liberation theology and liberal Catholic initiatives
 * Norman J. Ornstein, Resident Scholar
 * Richard Perle a vocal media supporter of the US-Iraq war.
 * Lee Raymond, CEO of ExxonMobil, is the vice chair of AEI's board of trustees.
 * Harlan Crow, Dallas real estate magnate, serves on AEI's board of trustees
 * Nazanin Samari, Research Assistant.
 * Leigh Tripoli
 * Ben J. Wattenberg, Senior Fellow and host of the PBS series Think Tank.
 * Roger Bate, visiting fellow
 * Bill Thomas, visiting fellow and former member of Congress considered "an expert on a wide array of tax, trade and healthcare issues during his 14 terms in the House and six years as chairman of the powerful Ways and Means panel"

Alumni (who were Scholars and Fellows in June 2007)
''(Before updating to 2009-12-31, the Scholars and Fellows list was as of June 2007, from AEI. Links after each name were to their AEI personal Bio page.) A few of these individuals are actually current Adjunct Scholars (see list above).''


 * Douglas J. Besharov; Education (vocational, high-school counseling, Affirmative Action, and student aid); Poverty (trends, causes, and remedies); Welfare reform (job training and program evaluation); Families (marriage, divorce, same-sex marriage, and nonmarital births); Child abuse/child welfare (foster care and delinquency); Preschool and child care (Head Start); Race and ethnicity (Affirmative Action and black middle class)	 -
 * Mark Falcoff; Latin America	 -
 * Ted Frank; Liability reform; Law and economics; Constitutional law; Medical malpractice; Antitrust policy; Regulation through litigation; Intellectual property	 -
 * David Gelernter; American history; Religion, culture, and science -
 * Reuel Marc Gerecht; Afghanistan; Iran; Intelligence; Middle East; Terrorism; Central Asia/former Soviet Union	 -
 * James K. Glassman; Social Security; Economics; Technology and politics; Federal budget; Interest rates; Stock market; Taxes; Education	 -
 * Jack Landman Goldsmith; International law (treaties and war powers); Sovereignty; Intelligence reform	 -
 * Robert A. Goldwin; Constitutional studies; Education; Human rights and democracy	 -
 * Christopher Griffin; Japan; Taiwan; Southeast Asia; India; Defense industrial cooperation in the Asia Pacific; China -
 * Robert W. Hahn; Energy; Environment; Regulation	 -
 * Herbert G. Klein; U.S. media and political issues; Presidential communications	 -
 * Marvin H. Kosters; Income inequality; Labor issues	 -
 * Michael A. Ledeen; Italy; Africa (Mozambique, South Africa, and Zimbabwe); Europe; Intelligence; Middle East; U.S. foreign policy; Iran; Leadership and the use of power; Terrorism; U.S.-China relations	 -
 * James R. Lilley; Korea; China; Taiwan	 -
 * N. Gregory Mankiw; U.S. economy; Fiscal policy; Entitlements; International trade policy	 -
 * Mark B. McClellan, M.D.; Medical innovation; Medicare; Medicaid; Quality of health care; Health care policy -
 * Joshua Muravchik; United Nations; Neoconservatism; History of socialism and communism; Arab-Israeli conflict; Global democracy, terrorism, and the Bush Doctrine	 -
 * Sarath Rajapatirana; Economic policy reforms in Latin America; Macroeconomic policies of developing countries; Multilateral trade negotiations; Trade policies of developing countries	 -
 * Joel M. Schwartz; Environment (air pollution, vehicle emissions, and chemical risks) 	 -
 * Daniel Shaviro; Social Security; Medicare; Tax and budget policy	 -
 * Fred Thompson; National security and intelligence (China, North Korea, and Russia)	 -
 * Richard Vedder; Labor issues; Income inequality; Higher education financing; Fiscal policy; Immigration	 -
 * Ben J. Wattenberg; Culture; Demographics; Public opinion/polls	 -

Other alumni

 * Anne Brunsdale
 * James Buchanan
 * Dick Cheney
 * Former President Gerald R. Ford
 * C. Boyden Gray
 * Alan Keyes
 * Jeane Kirkpatrick
 * Kenneth Lay
 * S. Robert Lichter - former holder of the AEI's DeWitt Wallace Chair in Mass Communications
 * Constantine C. Menges
 * Antonin Scalia
 * L. William Seidman
 * George P. Shultz
 * William E. Simon
 * Herbert Stein

Connections
The following was compiled by RightWeb.


 * The Center for the Study of American Business and the Center for Strategic and International Studies are said to be spinoffs of the AEI (Saloma, 1984).
 * The Business Roundtable: according to journalist Sidney Blumenthal, making contributions to AEI was a pitch made at almost every policy committee meeting of the Roundtable
 * During the 80s, staff members were funded with the hawkish anticommunist group Committee on the Present Danger.
 * Staff alumni Jeane Kirkpatrick and William Simon were vice president and chairman of the Nicaraguan Freedom Fund.
 * Alumni Michael Novak and Irving Kristol co-founded the Coalition for a Democratic Majority
 * Heritage Foundation
 * Council for National Policy
 * Center for Strategic and International Studies
 * Center for Security Policy founded by Frank Gaffney with an alleged mission to "promote peace through American strength".
 * Project for the New American Century, PNAC

Funding
In 2006 AEI reported that its income was $28.4 million. Of this it states on its website that "individual contributions of more than $10 million provided the largest share of the revenue base, followed by $6 million in corporate support, and $4.7 million from foundations."

Corporate donations
While the AEI acknowledges that it received over $6 million in corporate contributions in 2006, the donors are not identified in either its annual report or on its website. However, it is known that during 1997, Philip Morris contributed $100,000 to the Institute. During 2007, ExxonMobil contributed $240,000 (including an addition $30,000 for the joint AEI Brookings "Judicial Education Program".) (It is worth noting that AEI notes in its 2006 annual report that Lee R. Raymond, the now retired Chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil Corporation is a member of the

On its website it states that "national and multinational corporations who support AEI maintain close relationships with the Institute's scholars and regularly receive top-level research and analysis on specific policy interests and priorities. In addition, corporations provide important input to AEI on a wide variety of issues. Corporate involvement with AEI includes special invitations to public and private events; AEI's full slate of research studies, articles, books and other publications; access to our scholars, fellows, and senior management; and more." It also states that "the Institute does not perform contract research and, with rare exceptions, does not accept government grants."

It also claims that "a diversity of interests can render any individual conflict of interest small or de minimis. AEI has many hundreds of corporate, foundation, and individual donors, none of them accounting for more than a small fraction of the Institute's budget." It also states that "AEI scholars and fellows are required to disclose in their published work any affiliations they may have with organizations with a direct interest in the subject of that work. AEI discloses the source of project-specific donations to research on subjects in which the donors have a material interest."

Foundation funding
Media Transparency estimates that between 1985 and 2006, AEI received $44,636,101 (unadjusted for inflation) from the following funding sources :


 * Carthage Foundation
 * Castle Rock Foundation
 * Earhart Foundation
 * John M. Olin Foundation, Inc.
 * Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation
 * Philip M. McKenna Foundation, Inc.
 * Scaife Foundations (Scaife Family, Sarah Mellon Scaife, Carthage)
 * Smith Richardson Foundation

Amounts contributed by the Coors Foundation are not included.

Funding has come from many other sources, such as Amoco, the Kraft Foundation, and the Procter & Gamble Fund. AEI, unlike some think tanks, has no endowment - something which has led the organization into financial embarrassment in 1985 when its operating budget outstripped its donations by 25 percent (Newsweek, 1984).

Contact Information
American Enterprise Institute 1150 Seventeenth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20036 Phone: 202-862-5800 Fax: 202-862-7177 E-mail: info AT aei.org Website: http://www.aei.org

Publications
American Enterprise - a bi-monthly magazine published by AEI. 

Related SourceWatch articles

 * Swift Boat Veterans for Truth Republican Connection

External resources

 * NeoCon Europe American Enterprise Institute

Profiles

 * Scholars & Fellows -- List of Scholars and Fellows from AEI web site.
 * Archive of Scholars and Fellows pages from web.archive.org.
 * Media Transparency -- For a funding history of AEI.
 * John Saloma III, Ominous Politics, New York, NY: Hill and Wang, 1984.
 * John B. Judis, Business and the Rise of K Street, Routledge Press, 2001.
 * Media Transparency, American Enterprise Institute for public policy research (profile), accessed January 2004.
 * RightWeb, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (profile), February 1991.
 * George W. Bush's February 2003 speech to the AEI about the future of Iraq.

General articles

 * "A Think Tank at the Brink," Newsweek, July 7, 1986.
 * Brian Whitaker, "US Think Tanks Give Lessons in Foreign Policy," Guardian (UK), August 19, 2002.
 * Ian Sample, "Scientists offered cash to dispute climate study," The Guardian, February 2, 2007.
 * Juliet Eilperin, "AEI Critiques of Warming Questioned: Think Tank Defends Money Offers to Challenge Climate Report," Washington Post, February 5, 2007.
 * Bill Berkowitz, "American Enterprise Institute takes lead in agitating against Iran", Media Transparency, February 26, 2007.
 * Jim Lobe, "Likudnik Hawks Work to Undermine Annapolis," Inter Press Service (Antiwar.com), November 22, 2007.